The Saga Of Cardwell: 1770 - 1850

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people should be aware that this article contains mentions of, and names of deceased persons.

The history of Cardwell, as written records know it, and its surrounding areas unfolds as a remarkable saga of exploration, conflict, settlement, and development that spans over two centuries. It began on 8th June 1770 when Captain Cook named Hillock Point, Cape Sandwich and Rockingham Bay. Cape Sandwich honoured the Earl of Sandwich, who had served as First Lord of the Admiralty in 1763, and Rockingham Bay was named after Charles Wentworth, the Marquis of Rockingham and Prime Minister in 1765–66.

In 1815, it is believed that Lieutenant Charles Jeffreys, commanding the armed transport brig Kangaroo on a mission to deliver a detachment of troops to Ceylon, gave the name to the Brook Islands. Four years later, in 1819, Captain Phillip Parker King, commanding HMS Cutter Mermaid, first explored the region during a four-year survey of the coast. While undertaking his survey, Captain King described the land between Point Hillock and Cape Sandwich on Hinchinbrook Island as having a singularly grand and imposing appearance, visible from the deck for eighteen leagues, and he named this striking feature Mount Hinchinbrook – a name derived from the Earl of Sandwich’s estate. Captain King further reported steering towards a peaked hill, which was soon found on the island recorded by Captain Cook in Rockingham Bay, and it subsequently received the name Goold Island. During this period, he also commented favourably on the friendliness and ingenuity of the Aboriginal people who approached in small bark canoes.

The mid-19th century brought further exploration and naming. In 1843, the survey vessel HMS Fly, under the command of Captain Francis Price Blackwood, sailed into Rockingham Bay and established that a channel separated the island from the mainland. Around the same period, Bramble and Britomart Reefs, situated east of Hinchinbrook Island, were named after ships of the region during the late 1830s. Edmund Kennedy and his expedition passed through the area in 1848; Kennedy fought to find a route northwards, crossing near the mouths of the rivers now known as Hull, Tully, Murray, Dallachy and Wreck Creeks, and eventually discovered an Aboriginal track opposite Hinchinbrook Island that led inland and permitted northward travel. Almost at their designated rendezvous with a supply ship at Cape York, Kennedy was killed by fierce Aboriginals; his resolute Aboriginal guide, Jackey Jackey, was the only one to reach the supply ship, and Kennedy’s name has since lived on in the region.