The Saga Of Cardwell: 1860 - 1870

Mapping To European Settlement

The pursuit of a port began in 1862 when HMS Pioneer, commanded by Commodore George Burnett, set sail from Brisbane to search for an appropriate site. With Queensland’s first Governor, Sir George Bowen, also aboard, the two men decided that Rockingham Bay offered two excellent anchorages. The following year, in 1863, Governor Bowen requested that Captain George Richards, then commanding HMS Hecate, select the best site for a port and township in Rockingham Bay. In this process, Captain Richards landed on a small sandy beach on the north-west side of the island and named it Hecate Point. He also named Mangrove Islet, Mount Burnett, Mount Bowen and Mount Pitt, and ensured that Hinchinbrook Island was clearly marked on the chart.

In 1859, the pioneer and explorer George Elphinstone Dalrymple led an overland party to the Valley of Lagoons and took up land for grazing in partnership with Arthur and Walter Scott, as well as Robert Herbert, Queensland’s first premier. By 1863, their enterprises boasted 25,000 sheep and 4,000 cattle grazing in the Valley of Lagoons. Cardwell’s history as a settlement began in January 1864 when the first European settlement in the area, serving as the port for North Queensland, was established. The schooner Policeman, towing the cutter Heather Bell, anchored in Rockingham Bay carrying the first settlers. The landing party comprised 20 men, 10 horses, 12 sheep, 2 goats, fowls and dogs, with George Dalrymple acting as leader, and Cardwell became recognised as the first non-indigenous settlement north of Bowen.

The township was named after Viscount Cardwell, a renowned British statesman whose title ended with him, as he left no heirs. Despite his renown as the greatest British military reformer of the 19th century, he never visited the area. The original route taken by Dalrymple to connect his property with the port is still commemorated today by the Dalrymple Gap walking track, and the stone bridge over Damper Creek remains the oldest engineering structure in North Queensland. During Cardwell’s early years, the original Post Office was a double tent – one side served as the Post Office while the other side housed the Postmaster’s residence. By 1870, Cardwell Post Office and Telegraph Station were built and are now listed on three National Heritage registers, while one of the first buildings erected was John Morrisey’s Royal Hotel, located on the site of the current Marine Hotel.